to crush him, putting him to grief … if he would render himself as a guilt offering” (Isa 53:10). In the end, the Servant’s reward directly relates to his volitional sacrifice: “And he will divide the booty with the strong; because he poured out himself to death” (Isa 53:12; cf. Phil 2:5–11). To say that human sin is analogous, even on a much lesser plane, is a theological hypothesis foreign to biblical theology and indeed contradictory to the contrast Paul elucidates in Rom 5:16–19: “And the gift